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majority bonus system
The majority bonus system (MBS) is a form of semi-proportional representation used in some European countries. Its feature is a majority bonus which gives extra seats or representation in an elected body to the party or to the joined parties with the most votes with the aim of providing government stability.
It is used in Greece, Italy and San Marino.
== History ==
Benito Mussolini was the first politician to enact a law which would automatically give a vast majority of 66% of assembly seats to the winning party, so as to ensure his victory in the Italian election of 1924 and thus establishing a twenty-year dictatorship over the country. Despite this anti-democratic debut, the majority bonus system was used again after the restoration of the democracy, but within basic limits, awarding a number of seats which allows government stability, but which is not large enough to allow a single party to promulgate constitutional changes. It was used in the Italian local election during the 1950s, the majority bonus system was reintroduced in Italy for local elections in 1993, and at national level in 2005, replacing the additional member system. After a 2013 ruling from the Constitutional Court stating that unlimited bonuses are unconstitutional, a 40% minimum threshold for the assignment of the bonus has been established, together with a runoff ballot between the two most voted parties in the event that the threshold is not reached.
The MBS was adopted by other European countries, especially Greece in 2004 and San Marino at national level, and France for its regional elections.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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